Status Report on Space Tour Vehicle "Kankoh-maru" of Japanese Rocket Society

A Draft of Safety Standard for Designing Space Tour Vehicles

Y

: totally or partially applicable

m

: modified or newly defined

×

: not applicable

Airworthiness Standards			Applicability to Space Tour Vehicle
Transport Category Airplanes - Type T			Vertical Take-off and Vertical Landing Type ( VTVL)
Items		Contents
Chapt. 1 General
1-1	Definition	Definition of airplane type	m	Vehicle types are to be defined according to launch and landing configuration
Chapt. 2 Flight
2-1	General	Proof compliance by test or analysis	Y
		Load distribution limit	Y
		Max. and min. operational weight	Y
		Allowable center of gravity travel certified by measurement	Y
		Removable ballast	Y
		Propeller speed and pitch angle limit	×	No propeller system
2-2	(Preparatory)
2-3	Performance	Flight configuration and environmental condition for engine performance	Y
		Stall Vs(CAS) performance	×	No aerodynamic stall
		Take-off condition	Y
		Decision speed V1, safety speed V2, rotation speed Vr and lift-off speed Vlof	m	Safe lift-off conditions are to be defined by acceleration
		Termination distance in case of engine failure during take-off	×	No acceleration runway
		Take-off distance defined by 1.25Vs at 1500ft altitude and V2 at 35ft altitude	m	Vertical lift-off threshold are to be newly defined
		Touch and go flight	m	Abort flight is to be defined
		Safe velocity-altitude flight envelope	m	Hovering is to be included
2-4	Controllability and Maneuverability	Longitudinal controllability	m	Pilot's task is to be certified concerning autonomous flight control system
		Lateral and directional controllability	Y
		Min. controllable speed	×	No aerodynamic stall
2-5	Trim	Attitude trim capability	Y
2-6	Stability	Longitudinal lateral/directional stability including pilot's handling qualities	Y
2-7	Stalls	Requirements of propulsion system and aerodynamic surfaces for stall capability	×	No aerodynamic stall
2-8	Ground and Water Handling Characteristics	Stability of take-off and landing on ground and water	×	No ground roll and water roll
2-9	Miscellaneous Flight Requirements	Vibration, buffet, high speed characteristics, stability of out-of-trim condition	Y
Chapt. 3 Structure
3.1	General	Limit and ultimate load	Y
		Margin of safety	Y
		No permanent deformation within limit load and fracture allowed after 3 seconds applying ultimate load	Y
		Requirement of structure analysis and ground structure test	Y
3.2	Flight loads	Definition of flight load	Y
		Velocity and load envelope	m	Load condition acceleration in terms of ground speed or flight Mach number are to be required
		Definition of design speed, such as cruise, dive, maneuver, gust and deflection of control surfaces	m	Design speeds are to be tailored for take-off, ascend, reentry, terminal flight and landing
3.3	Maneuver and Gust Loads	Maneuver including longitudinal and lateral/directional flight and gust load limit	Y
		Fuel load hydraulic load	Y
		High lift device	×	No high lift devices
3.4	Supplementary Conditions	Propulsion torque and load including engine failure mode	Y
		Cabin pressure load	Y
		Gyro load	×	No revolutional devices
		Load of speed control devices	Y
3.5	Control Surface and System Loads	Load condition of aerodynamic control surfaces, trim tab, flap, slat, spoiler etc	m	Complete fly-by-wire or light system is to be required
Chapt. 4 Design and Construction
3.6	Ground Loads	Definition of landing configuration, such as nose gear touch down, tail gear touch down	Y
		Landing gear position	Y
		Nose and tail wheel yawing	m	No difference in nose and tail wheel
		Take-off ground roll and braking	×	No take-off ground roll
		Towing loads	Y
3.7	Water Loads	Take-off and landing on water of sea plane	×	No take-off and landing on water
		Floating device load	×	No floating devices
3.8	Emergency Landing Conditions	Requirement of design strength and ground test for emergency landing	Y
		Equipment certification for emergency landing on water	Y
3.9	Fatigue Evaluation	Design requirement of ground verification process for failure and fatigue	Y
3.10	Lightening	Certification against catastrophic lightning	Y
4.1	General	Suitability of materials, fabrication methods and fasteners	Y
		Protection against structure deterioration	Y
		Accessibility provisions	m	Cyclic thermal loads, out gas characteristics and radiation worthiness are to be taken into account
		Material strength properties and design value	Y
		Design factors : special factors, casting factors, bearing factors, fitting factors	Y
		Flutter, deformation and fail-safe criteria	Y
		Bird strike damage	m	Protection against debris damage are to be considered
4.2	Control Surfaces	Proof of strength by tests	Y
		Installation suitability and reliability of hinges	Y
4.3	Control Systems	Reliability and fail safe of stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems	Y
		Two-control airplanes	×	No two-control system
		Reliability of mechanical stops	Y
		Protection against inadvertent trim system operation	Y
		Limit load test and operational test	Y
		Approval cable system and safety factor of joints	Y
		Lift and drag devices, controls, indicator and flap interconnection	×	No lift and drag devices, and flap system
		Requirement of take-off waning system	Y
4.4	Landing Gear	Shock absorption test, and limit drop test are required	Y
		Certification of landing gear retraction mechanism	Y
		Wheels, tires, brakes and skis	×	No wheels, tires, brakes and skis
4.5	Floats and Hulls	Float and hulls design for water plane	×	No operation on water
4.6	Personnel and Cargo Accommodations	Pilot compartment comfort and visibility from the doors	Y
		Safety standard and strength verification of windshields, windows, doors and floor surfaces	Y
		Cockpit controls, motion/effects and knob shape	Y
		Seats, berths, safety belts and harness	Y
		Requirement of stowage compartment	Y
		Retention of items of mass in passenger and crew compartment and galley	Y
		Passenger information sign	Y
4.7	Emergency Provisions	Requirement of landing equipment on water	Y
		Safety design of crew and passenger exits, marking and lighting	Y
		Emergency exit access requirements, such as aisle width, max. number of seats abreast	Y
		Requirement of lower deck service compartment	Y
4.8	Ventilation and Heating	Requirement of ventilation, ozone density, and air conditioning	m	ECLSS (Environmental control and life support system) is to be required for closed environment in orbit
4.9	Pressurization	Pressurization requirement and tests for certification	Y
4.10	Fire Protection	Requirement of fire extinguishers, compartment interiors, cargo and baggage compartments	Y
		Definition of cargo compartment classification	Y
		Requirement of cargo compartment fire detection system	Y
		Fire protection of combustion heater, flight controls, engine mounts, other flight structure and flammable fluid	Y
4.11	Miscellaneous	Leveling means for determination of level position on ground	Y
		Reinforcement near propellers	×	No propellers
Chapt. 5 Powerplant
5.1	General	Definition of power plant installation	Y
		Requirement of Isolation, controllability and restart capability	Y
		Definition of propellers systems, vibration, clearance, deicing, reversing, drag limitation	×	No propeller system
		Turbine engine operation characteristics certified by flight tests	m	Defined for rocket propulsion
		Inlet, engine, and exhaust compatibility	m	Engine exhaust compatibility with airframe is to be clarified
		No hazardous malfunction by negative acceleration	Y
		Requirement of thrust and power augmentation	Y
5.2	Fuel System	Fuel system analysis and test requirement	m	Reliable fuel supply system for limited cryogenic propellant is to be considered
		Fuel system independence	m	Complete independence and redundant propellant supply system is unrealistic
		Assurance of complete fuel flow	Y
		Flow between interconnected tanks	Y
		Establishment of unusable fuel quantity	m	Requirement of high heat load condition during reentry is to be established
		Fuel system hot weather operation	m	Tailoring is needed for cryogenic propulsion
		Fuel tank system : tests, installations, expansion space, sump, filler connection, vents, carburetor vapor vents, outlet, fuelling system and temperature	Y
5.3	Fuel System Components	Fuel system components : pumps, lines, fitting, valves, filter, drains	m	Tailoring is needed for cryogenic propulsion
		Jettisoning system for go-around flight	×	Propellant combustion by engine is more effective than jettisoning in case of abort flight
5.4	Oil System	Oil system : tanks, tests, lines, fittings, filter, drains, radiators, valves, propeller feathering system	m	In addition to oil cooling system, pre-cooling for engine and fuel supply system using cryogenic propellant is to be specified
5.5	Cooling	Cooling system : components, tests	Y
5.6	Induction System	Air induction system for engine and auxiliary power unit	×	No air-breathing engine
5.7	Exhaust System	Exhaust system for engine and auxiliary power unit	×	No air-breathing engine
5.8	Power Plant Controls and Accessories	Auxiliary power controls, engine controls, ignition switches and mixture controls	Y
		Propeller speed and pitch controls, feathering controls and reverse thrust	×	No propeller and trust reversal system
		Fuel jettisoning system controls	×	No fuel jettisoning system
		Carburetor air temperature controls, supercharger controls, power plant accessories, engine ignition systems, accessory gear boxes	Y
		Designated fire zones	Y
		Flammable fluids and fluid-carrying components	Y
		Drainage and ventilation of fire zones, shutoff means, firewalls	Y
		Cowling and nacelle skin	×	No air-breathing engine
5.9	Power Plant Fire Protection	Fire extinguishing agents, containers, system materials	Y
		Fire detector system	Y
Chapt. 6 Equipment
6-1	General	Definition of function and installation	Y
		Flight and navigation instruments, power plant instrument	Y
		Miscellaneous equipment : seat, electrical protective devices, two systems for radio navigation, wind shield wiper, ignition switch	m	Requirements of miscellaneous equipment are to be modified for rocket vehicle
		Equipment, systems and installations, and certification procedure by analysis and tests	Y
6-2	Instruments : Installation	Arrangement and visibility	Y
		Equipment : airspeed indicating system, static pressure systems, magnetic direction indicator, automatic pilot system, instruments using a power supply, instrument systems power plant instruments	Y
6-3	Electrical Systems and Equipment	Requirements of electrical system capacity, generating system, external power and operation without normal electircal power	Y
		Electrical equipment and installations, distribution system, circuit protective devices and electrical system fire and smoke protection	Y
		Test requirement	Y
6-4	Lights	Requirements of instrument lights, landing lights, position light system dihedral angles, distribution and intensities	Y
		Minimum and maximum light intensities of forward and rear position, in the horizontal plane, in the vertical plane and in overlapping beams	Y
		Color specifications	Y
		Riding light and wing icing detection lights	×	No riding on water and no wing
		Anti-collision light system	Y
6-5	Safety Equipment	Accessibility, stowage signaling device, life preserver stowage provisions, life line stowage provisions	Y
		Safety belts	Y
		Ditching equipment	Y
		Pneumatic de-icer boot system and ice protection	m	Electrical de-icer and ice protection system will be require
6-6	Hydraulic Systems	Protective breathing equipment, oxygen equipment and supply, minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen, minimum mass flow of supplemental oxygen, equipment standards for the oxygen distribution system and oxygen dispensing unit, means for determining use of oxygen, chemical oxygen generators and fire protection for oxygen equipment	m	ECLSS (Environmental control and life support system) is required for closed environment in orbit
6-7	Miscellaneous Equipment	Design requirement, tests and fire protection	Y
		Requirement of electrical equipment	Y
		Vacuum systems	×	No vacuum system
		Pressurization and pneumatic systems	Y
		Draining of fluids subject to freezing	Y
		Cockpit voice recorders, voice recorders and equipment containing high energy rotors	Y
Chapt. 7 Operating Limitations and Information
7-1	General	Establishment of operation limitations other information necessary for safe operation	Y
7-2	Operating Limitations	Establishment of speed limitations : Airspeed limitations, maximum operating limit speed, maneuvering speed, flap extended speed, minimum control speed, landing gear speeds	Y
		Weight, center of gravity and weight distribution limitations	Y
		Power plant and auxiliary power unit limitations	Y
		Minimum flight crew	Y
		Kinds of operation	Y
		Maximum operation altitude	×	Operation altitude is up to orbit
		Maneuvering flight load factor	Y
7-3	Marking and Placards	Special marking or placards are required for specified instruments : airspeed limitation information, magnetic direction indicator, power plant and auxiliary power unit instruments, oil quantity indicator, fuel quantity indicator, control marking	Y
7-4	Airplane Flight Manual	Furnishing information : operating limitation, operating procedures, performance information	Y